ABSTRACT
Alobar holopresencephaly is a rare embryonic condition where there is anomalous fusion of cerebral hemispheres. The key features include neurological impairment and facial dysmorphism like cyclopia, ocular hypertelorism with divided orbits and a proboscis. Obstetric ultrasound and foetal MRI are the diagnostic modalities. Majority of cases are sporadic in origin while a genetic association is also described. A small recurrence risk is noted in cases with sporadic origin. Early diagnosis and pregnancy termination are advisable for the condition since the survival rate is very low.
ABSTRACT
Clear cell carcinoma of ovary is a rare tumour with a very low incidence in pregnancy. It is attributed to develop from an existing background of endometriosis. There are very few case reports of the above combination tumours in pregnancy. It is a very aggressive tumour with a worse prognosis and low survival rate because of its peculiar chemo resistant nature. Early detection and effective treatment are the best approach. The treatment options for advanced stages are still under research.
ABSTRACT
Background: Emergency LSCS can be categorized based on RCOG guidelines into category I and II which indicates maternal or fetal compromise. Here an urgent delivery and the DDI (decision to delivery interval) within 30 and 45 minutes respectively is needed.Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis conducted on a sample of 630 patients who underwent caesarean section over a year, from June 2016 to June 2017. The DDI were further classified into ≤30 and >30 minutes for category I, ≤45 and >45 minutes for category II LSCS. The primary objective is to determine whether DDI in Category I and II emergency LSCS has an impact on fetal outcome and secondary objective is to ensure that DDI is within the standard criterion as per RCOG protocol.Results: Out of 630 samples of caesareans, it was found that 173 falls in Category I and 189 falls in Category II. Out of 87 (50.29%) patients delivered within 30 minutes in Category I, 29 babies required NICU admission. DDI was more than 30 minutes in 86 (49.71%) cases in Category I out of which 38 babies got admitted in NICU with low APGAR scores. Out of 176 (93.12%) patients who delivered within 45 minutes in Category II, 56 babies required NICU admission. DDI was more than 45 minutes in 13 (6.88%) cases in Category II and all these babies got admitted in NICU.Conclusions: Decision -delivery interval has a significant impact on fetal outcome.
ABSTRACT
Background: Placental location can be estimated easily using ultrasonogram by 16 weeks. It can be classified based on its location into central and lateral. Central can be anterior or posterior. Lateral can be left lateral or right lateral. Placental location has been attributed to both normal and abnormal pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology which comprised of 450 singleton gestations between 18 and 24 weeks. The primary objective is to determine the association between placental location and pregnancy outcome and secondary objective is to find out the association between placental location and neonatal outcome. The study population was divided into two groups – central and lateral. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 20, Chi square test and independent two sample t-test.Results: The frequency of central placenta was 377 (83.8%) and lateral placenta in 73 (16.2%). Central placentation had an abnormal outcome in 182(48.3%), lateral placentas with abnormal outcome were 44(60.3%). Abnormal maternal outcomes like hypertensive disorders (33.3%), Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (10.2%), Antepartum haemorrhage (25%), Preterm birth (16.3%) were more in lateral placentation. The number of central placentas having NICU admissions were 62(16.4%) and lateral placenta with NICU admissions were 19(26%).Conclusions: There is a significant association between lateral placentation and abnormal pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Second trimester ultrasound can be used as non-invasive predictor of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.